fa اثربخشی آموزش مهارت‌های حرکتی بر کارکردهای اجرایی و توانایی‌های شناختی سالمندان دارای معلولیت حرکتی توانبخشی سالمندی geriatric rehabilitation پژوهشي اصیل Original research <br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مقدمه:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> سالمندان معلول حرکتی، مشکلات اساسی در کارکردهای اجرایی و متعاقب آن مشکلات شناختی دارند و به همین علت ناکامی بیشتری را تجربه می&shy;کنند. این پژوهش با هدف تعیین اثربخشی آموزش مهارت</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">&shy;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">های حرکتی بر کارکردهای اجرایی و توانایی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">&shy;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">های شناختی سالمندان دارای معلولیت حرکتی شهر بجنورد</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">انجام شد. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">روش کار: </span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ر</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">وش پژوهــش از نــوع نیمــه تجربــی و پیش&shy;آزمــون، پس&shy;آزمــون بــا گــروه کنتــرل بــود. جامعــه آمــاری شــامل کلیه سالمند</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ان</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شهر بجنورد در سال 1402 بودنــد کــه 30 نفــر (15 نفر گــروه آزمایــش و 15 نفــر گــروه کنتــرل) بــه روش نمونــه&shy;گیــری در دســترس انتخــاب شــدند. ابــزار گــردآوری داده&shy;هــا پرسشـنامه&shy;هـای کارکردهای اجرایی جیویا پتر و همکاران (2000) و پرسشـنامه توانایی&shy;های شناختی نجاتی (1392) بـود. مداخلـه </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مهارت</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">&shy;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">های حرکتی در 18 جلسه 45 دقیقه&shy;ای و هفته&shy;ای 3 بار، </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بـر روی گـروه آزمـایش انجـام شـد و گـروه کنتـرل هیـچ&shy;گونـه مداخلـه&shy;ای دریافـت نکردنـد. تجزیـه و تحلیـل داده&shy;هـا بـا آزمـون&shy;هـای توصیفـی (میانگیـن و انحـراف اسـتاندارد) و تحلیـل کوواریانـس و بـا اسـتفاده از نـرم افـزار</span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">SPSS</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نسـخه 24 انجـام شـد. میـزان</span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کمتـر از 05/0 معنـی&shy;داری در نظـر گرفتـه شـد</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">.</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یافته&shy; ها: </span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در متغیـر کارکردهای اجرایی، میانگیـن و انحـراف اسـتاندارد گـروه آزمایـش در پیـش آزمـون 74/9</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">&plusmn;</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">55/158 و در پـس آزمـون 25/11</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">&plusmn;</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">82/189 و در متغیـر توانایی&shy;های شناختی، میانگیـن و انحـراف اسـتاندارد گـروه آزمایـش در پیـش آزمـون 82/5</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">&plusmn;</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">87/31 و در پـس آزمـون 93/6</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">&plusmn;</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">15/42 بـه دسـت آمـد. نتایـج تحلیـل کوواریانـس نیـز نشـان داد کـه </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آموزش مهارت&shy;های حرکتی بر کارکردهای اجرایی و توانایی&shy;های شناختی سالمندان دارای معلولیت حرکتی </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تاثیـر داشـت (01/0</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">P <</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">). </span></span></span>&nbsp;<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتیجه &shy;گیری:</span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> بـر اسـاس یافتـه&shy;هـای پژوهـش، از </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مداخله مهارت&shy;های حرکتی </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بـرای بهبود کارکردهای اجرایی و توانایی&shy;های شناختی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سالمندان دارای معلولیت حرکتی </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مـی&shy;تـوان اسـتفاده کـرد</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">.</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> &nbsp; <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Introduction:</span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Elderly people with mobility disabilities have basic problems in executive functions and subsequent cognitive problems, and because of this, they experience more failure. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of motor skills training on the executive functions and cognitive abilities of elderly people with motor disabilities in Bojnord city. </span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Methodology:</span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The research method was semi-experimental and pre-test, post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all the elderly people of Bojnord city in 2023, 30 people (15 people of the experimental group and 15 people of the control group) were selected by the available sampling method. The data collection tool was the executive function questionnaires of Givia Petr et al. (2000) and the Nejati Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire (2012). Movement skills intervention was performed on the experimental group in 18 sessions of 45 minutes and 3 times a week, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was done with descriptive tests (mean and standard deviation) and covariance analysis using SPSS version 24 software. P level less than 0.05 was considered significant. </span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results:</span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> In the variable of executive functions, the mean and standard deviation of the experimental group in the pre-test was 158.55&plusmn;9.74 and in the post-test 189.82&plusmn;11.25 and in the variable of cognitive abilities, the mean and standard deviation of the experimental group In the pre-test it was 31.87&plusmn;5.82 and in the post-test it was 42.15&plusmn;6.93. The results of covariance analysis also showed that motor skills training had an effect on the executive functions and cognitive abilities of the elderly with motor disabilities (P<0.01). </span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion</span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">: Based on the research findings, motor skills intervention can be used to improve the executive functions and cognitive abilities of the elderly with motor disabilities. </span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; کلید واژه­ها: توانایی­های شناختی, سالمندان, کارکردهای اجرایی, مهارت­های حرکتی. cognitive abilities, elderly, executive functions, motor skills. 31 39 http://joge.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-756-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Zahra izanloo زهرا ایزانلو izanloo@gmail.com 10031947532846007633 10031947532846007633 Yes استادیار رفتار حرکتی، گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بجنورد، ایران