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Introduction: self-care behaviors are an effective means in managing diabetes in the elderly. This study aimed to determine the predictors of diabetes self-care in the elderly in Kerman based on the role of diabetic knowledge.
Method: In this cross-sectional study, 374 elderly diabetic patients who had referred to health screening centers in Kerman were chosen via cluster sampling. To collect informations Toobert Glasgow’s diabetes self-efficacy scale and questionnaire based on diabetic knowledge was used. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed. The data were analyzed using t test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis in SPSS software 17.
Results: Self-care capacity in most of diabetic elderly was weak (61/3%). Age, education level, marital status, income, complication, medication and diabetic knowledge (P<0.001) were significantly associated with self-care behaviors. Diabetic knowledge could predict 57% of the variance of the self-care behaviors.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, diabetic knowledge can determine behaviors self care. So it is necessary to develop an educational intervention based on diabetic knowledge with the goal of properly managing diabetes in the elderly patients.

 

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Introduction: Daily behaviors of the elderly affect oral and dental conditions. Today, the oral health of the older adults and promote it are very much taken into consideration, which is directly related to their quality of life. The main aim of this study was evaluation of Oral health status of male older adults in Razi psychiatric hospital.
Method: In this cross-sectional hospital-based study, we recruited male admitted older adults aged ≥ 60 in Razi psychiatric hospital in Tehran, 2016. The study sample comprised120 subject which were selected through the census sampling method. Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), Abbreviated Mental Test score (AMTs), and socioeconomic questionnaires were used to collect the data. Reliability and validity of both questionnaires in Persian language have been confirmed. The gathered data were analyzed by SPSS-18 and Pearson correlation coefficient test.
Results: A total of 120 male older adults, were included into the study. The mean age of the participants was 66.14 ± 3.37 years and of mean years of hospitalization was 20.16 ± 9.70. Results indicated that the oral health status of the elderly was undesirable. Factors such as cognitive status, age, education, and number of teeth were significantly correlated with oral health status.
Conclusion: Evaluation of the oral health in the elderly is essential for determining the impact of different dental procedures and care. According to the findings, the oral health status of elderly men in Razi Psychiatric Hospital is weak. Therefore, accurate oral examinations are recommended.
 

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Introduction: Following the growth of the older population, attention to their health issues has become increasingly important. One of the issues that have been considered for various reasons is the oral health of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine the oral health status of older people in Tehran.
Method: This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. This study was conducted on 190 older people (113 old men and 77 old women) in Tehran's parks. The oral health status of the elderly was evaluated by GOHAI's oral health index, which has already been validated in Iran. Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation and correlation and T independent test, using SPSS v.22 software.
Results: The mean age of participants was 67.30 ± 6.87. About 57.90% of the older adults did not have any of their teeth. The mean oral health of the older adults was 43.04 ± 10.61. There was a significant positive correlation between discomfort score and number of missing teeth (P <0.001, r = 0.51).
Conclusion: The results showed that the oral health status of the older adults is not appropriate in Tehran, which indicates the need to pay more attention to preventing oral problems and improving oral health.
 

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Introduction: Parkinson's is a prevalent disease at old age that is associated with numerous non-motor and motor consequences such as reduced balance. This study aims to compare effect of Pilates and tai chi exercises on static and dynamic balance in the elderly men with Parkinson's disease.
Method: This study was a field quasi-experimental research with pre- and post-test which was conducted in two training and control groups. The statistical population included 106 elderly men with Parkinson's disease. For sampling, 45 subjects were selected using purposive and convenience sampling method and divided into two groups of tai chi and Pilates exercises plus one control group. Data were collected using weighing scale, stopwatch, balance tester, Berg balance scale (BBS) questionnaire, Kurtzke expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q). All three groups took the static and dynamic balance tests and the training groups performed the trainings for 12 weeks, every week for 3 sessions and (The data were analyzed in SPSS software ver. 21. Each session 1 hour).
Results: Results showed that both tai chi and Pilates exercises improved the balance of the elderly men with Parkinson's disease (p = 0.001). In the tai chi training group, the static balance increased from 10.64 to 15.16 and the dynamic balance error decreased from 6.89 to 5.5. In the Pilates group, the static balance increased from 10.93 to 23.13 and the dynamic balance error decreased from 7.39 to 5.16. Further, there was no significant difference between the effect of tai chi and Pilates exercises on the dynamic balance of the elderly men with Parkinson's disease (p = 0.980). But a difference was found in terms of the static balance (p = 0.001), so that the effect of Pilates exercises was higher.
Conclusion: Both of the traditional tai chi and Pilates exercises have positive effects on the balance improvement. However, considering the greater effect of Pilates exercises, it is recommended to use this new practice for improving the balance and, ultimately, quality of life of the elderly men with Parkinson's disease.

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Introduction: High blood pressure is the most important public health problem in developing countries. The implementation of self-care regarding its cost-effectiveness seems necessary. The aim of conducting this study was to investigate factors associated with self-care behaviors in elderly with hypertension.
Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2017 on 300 elderly with hypertension who were under the treatment in community health centers in Ahvaz city. The data were collected through a demographic form and a self-care assessing instrument for hypertension.  The collected data were put in the SPSS and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics t-test, Spearman and Pearson correlation and ANOVA tests at significant level of P<0.05. based on hypertension self-care and its relationship with demographic factors.
Findings: Of 300 elderlies, 54/3% were woman that the most of them were married (80/7%), with average economic status (59.7%) and under diploma (73/66%). The mean and standard deviation of total self care were 55/92±8/94. The results showed that there was a significantly positive relationship between self-care and hypertension history, income, and education level(p<0/05). However, there was no significant relationship between self-care and the variables of age, gender, and coincident disease(p>0/05).
Conclusion: Considering the importance of self-care in controlling hypertension and obtaining low self-care scores by the poorly literate elderly with low income, it is suggested that the age group be educated adequately through the extensive implementation of audio-visually educational programs.
 

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Introduction: interaction between the physical and cognitive factors of the elderly can have a significant impact on their quality of life and affect on design of health-based mechanisms for the elderly. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of physical activity on the retrospective and prospective memory performance in elderly.
 Method: The present research is a causal-comparative study. The sample consisted of 178 elderly. All participants were asked to complete the physical activity level Questionnaire of Champs and elders was placed in three groups with low physical activity (n=56), moderate (n=63) and high (n=59). Retrospective and prospective memory was evaluated through Crawford Questionnaire.
 Results: The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the performance of prospective memory in the elderly group with a high and moderate activity level with  prospective memory of the elderly group with a low level of activity (P = 0.001). Also, the results of variance analysis indicated that there is a significant difference between retrospective memory performance in elderly group with physical activity levels (P = 0.004).
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that in elderly, different levels of physical activity significantly effect on the memory performance. So, one can expect that the elderly with regular physical activity will prevent the occurrence of many memory problems over time. This study suggests that Elderly people put up high-level physical exercises in their daily routine to prevent cognitive decline in retrospective and prospective memory.

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 Introduction: The phenomenon of aging is an inevitable part of the life of humans, demographers, aged 60 and older, are considered to be old age. As the medical science progresses, this population is rising, but the quality of life in this age has dropped to some extent and has always been a problem in Health is related and in our country, considering the process and population pyramid, planning for any services, we need to know the real needs of these people. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the frequency of health problems of the elderly in Hamadan city as a cross-sectional study. The year 1396-1397 was conducted.
  Method: This is a cross-sectional study of 714 population aged 60-71 years old living in Hamedan. Data collection tools were General Health Questionnaire, Goldberg and Hiller (1979) (with subscales of physical symptoms, anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbance, social function and depression symptoms), and a brief examination of the psychological state of Folestin et al. (1975), which included (domains Cognitive, directional, memory recording, attention, calculation, memory, language, and ability to perform simple commands). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 using Chi-square test.
 Results: The findings of this study showed that 509 elderly women (205.721) and 205 (721.272) were elderly men (21% of them were hospitalized in the last 1 year) with an average of 2 days. In terms of education, 399 participants did not have education and (34.1734) 244 movement education (2.941) had elementary education, (201.4) 30 had secondary education (1.550), 11 He had a diploma and (1/260) had 9 higher education degrees, of which 7 had resigned teachers. In the health questionnaire, the most common symptoms were physical symptoms (417/5403), sleep disturbance and anxiety symptoms (460 425/64), depression symptoms (367.44), and social function (498.93) (428) In the short examination of mental status, the highest percentages of memory and language disorders and the ability of orders (with 405,27226), cognitive domains (326/658), navigation (with 249/87) (249) In memory) with (291.291) and 209 (291.21) and 141 (747/198) were calculated. There was a significant relationship between sex with general health and a brief examination of mental status with a type of sub-scale (P <0.05).
 Conclusion: Considering the high level of general health and mental health weakness, the findings of this study suggest that the use of psychosocial education in reducing physical symptoms is recommended.
 

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Introduction:Iran has surpassed its population structure changes to an elderly country, as a result, their mental and physical health problems become important. This study aimed to compare the mental and physical health of resident and non-resident elderly people. 
Method:this research is cross sectional conducted in Tehran city. Statistical sample in this research include 160 elders in three groups resident in home, elders resident in private and public elderly homes. Australian Ministry of Health questionnaires have been used to collect data that reliability and validity of questionnaires has been proven by Alizade et al (2008). In addition, TOPSIS technique has been used for data analysis. 
Findings: Among the factors affecting mental and physical health, the option of elderly living at home with index 0.044291 is in the first rank, the second is the elderly living in a private sanatorium with the index 0.005953 and elderly living in a public sanitary are in third rank with the index 0.004557.
Conclusions:The results showed that there is a significant difference between the elderly living in the private and public sanatorium in terms of mental and physical health and its components. The most important factors are: psychological distress index, that in terms of less importance of this index, elderly living in home are in first rank, elderly living in the private nursing homes are in the second rank and the elderly living in the public sanatorium are in third rank. Physical performance evaluation and evaluation of everyday activities performance in terms of most important of this factor, elderly living in home are in the first rank, elderly living in the private nursing homes are in the second rank and the elderly living in the public sanatorium are in third rank.

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Introduction : Elderly Demographic change will have a significant impact on societies. Locomotive disorders are common and important cause of disability and reduced quality of life in old age. Recognizing screening methods, can be early detection Locomotive syndrome (LS), prevented the incidence, prevalence and disability caused by this syndrome. The aim of this study is to integrative review of screening methods for LS in the elderly.
Methods: In this review study, searches in international and national databases and journals: Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Irandoc, SID, with keywords Locomotive syndrome, Locomotive disorder, screening tool, assessment tool, physical performance test, from 2000 to 2018were extracted and reviewed.
Results: from 70 related articles, 19 English articles were reviewed. Methods and tests used to assess, evaluate and LS screening in 19 Articles related to the purpose of this study include evaluation method of 9 - Physical and 3 questionnaire or Evaluation Checklist. These include: stand up test, one-leg standing test (with open eye), two-steps test, 5-times-sit-to-stand test, 6-walking time, the 10-m gait time, measuring back muscles strength and grip strength, timed up-and-Go (TUG Test), maximum stride, self-check list (Loco-check), questionnaires GLFS-25 and GLFS-5.
Conclusion: In this study, screening methods of LS described. Because of the importance of the LS, using the perfect screening methods recommended in elders, for timely detection of LS.
 

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Introduction​: Since hospitals are one of the most prolific and vital areas for the elderly, and the evaluation of the present situation is one of the first steps to create an appropriate environment, this study was aimed at determing effective factors in an assessing tool for evaluating the structural characteristics of age- friendly hospitals.
Methods: In this methodological research, a list of items was provided based on existing components for other age-friendly environments such as city, park, sanatorium and home. Then, the content validity was determined using a panel of experts including civil engineers, architects, ergonomists, and gerontologists, and the determination of face validity with a team of evaluators including MSC Gerontology, occupational health, environmental health and ergonomics.
Results: With the help of the research team, 194 primary items in 20 domains were reduced to 100 in 19 domains. Content validity and face validity processes reduced the number of items to 72 items and 17 domains, respectively.
Conclusions: Findings of this research by determining the present conditon and identifing suitable ergonomics interventions could be effective to promote comfort, safety, and independency of aged pepople in hospitals.
 

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Introduction: Frequent falls in the elderly have a direct relationship with postural control and balance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of Concurrent cerebral transcranial direct current stimulation and neuromuscular coordination exercises on balance elderly people.
Method: This study was an experimental, pre- and posttest design. The participants of this study were 24 elderly 60-75 year old male and female who were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two “Intervention” (real) and “control” (Placebo) groups (n=12). After a preliminary assessment of equilibrium parameters by Computerized Dynamic Posturorghraphy apparatus, “Intervention” group received direct current stimulation over the cerebellum at 2mA and “Placebo” group received sham stimulation, twenty minutes each session in five days during two weeks. At each session, immediately after stimulation, participants performed half-hour equilibrium exercises on the Huber apparatus. After completing five sessions, the variables were re-measured. Data analysis performed using MANCOVA and ANCOVA and SPSS 23 software.
Results: The results of this study showed that current direct stimulation of the cerebral had significant effect on the postural control equilibrium variables in the first and fourth sensory condition (P<0.05). However, it did not have a significant effect on the stability of the elderly in the second, third, fifth, sixth sensory condition and composite balance (P>0.05). In addition, cerebral electrical stimulation with balance training improved postural control performance of visual system (P<0.05), but postural control performance of somatosensory system, vestibular system, and visual preference did not significantly improve (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that cerebral TDCS with balance training has little beneficial effects on postural control and balance of elderly people and can, to a lesser extent, facilitate motor learning and improve motor adaptation.

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Introduction: Elderly age is associated with a decrease in physiological and functional capacity that can lead to increased disability and decreased balance during walking, decreased speed and deformity of walking. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of isometric and concentric resistance training on walking speed and double stance time in elderly women.

Methodology: 30 elderly women (66.1 5 5.7) with no history of falls voluntarily participated in this study. They were divided into 3 equal groups according to age and pre-test balance. After the pre-test phase, the training program was performed in 18 sessions, which consisted of three sessions per week, and walking speed and double stance time were measured by a motion analyzer.Data were analyzed by Mixed factor analysis of variance (2 3 3) and LSD as a post hoc test (P≤0.05). 

Findings: The results of this study showed that 6 weeks of isometric and concentric resistance training had a significant effect on improving gait speed (P: 0.001) and decreasing the double stance time (P: 0.001) in older women compared to the control group. As the effect of isometric training on the double stance time is more than concentric training. In contrast, the effect of concentric resistance training on walking speed was longer than training. 

Discussion: Isometric resistance training also reduces the double stance time, and concentric training improves walking speed. As a result, this type of exercise can effectively improve walking parameters in the elderly.

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Introduction: The phenomenon of aging in the world is one of the biggest changes in the 21st century. Accordingly, we must have a broad and comprehensive assessment with a preventive approach to our community to determine more effective macro priorities and policies. The aim of this study was the validity and reliability of HUI3 comprehensive health assessment tool in Iranian elderly for comprehensive health assessment.
Method: This study was a descriptive-analytical study. 400 elderly people over 60 years old were selected by cluster sampling method from 6 health centers and two nursing homes in Sabzevar, Iran between May and August 1397 and were included in the study to determine the validity and reliability of the instrument.Data were collected through demographic information questionnaires, HUI3 and SF-36 through interviews. To determine the validity of the instrument, content validity index and criterion validity were used simultaneously, and to determine reliability, the internal stability method with Cronbachchr('39')s alpha number report and the inter-evaluators reliability method with in-class correlation coefficient report were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS-v24 software.
Results: The mean age of participants in the study was 71.3 years. Among them, 45.8% (183 people) were men and 54.3% (217 people) were women. The calculated instrument CVI for all instrument items was 0.82. The correlation coefficient between the scores of HUI3 instrument with SF-36 as the standard instrument was 0.87. The intra-class correlation coefficient performed by different presenters was 0.93 and Cronbachchr('39')s alpha for all items was 0.80.
Conclusion: The reliability and validity of the Persian version of the HUI3 Comprehensive Health Assessment Questionnaire is appropriate and acceptable, so this questionnaire can be used to assess the health status of Iranian elderly.
 

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Background: Frailty is a complex syndrome in which the reduction of physiological reserves in various organs increases vulnerability to stressors and negative health outcomes in the elderly. Considering that no specific intervention based on Pender lifestyle education has been performed to reduce the outcomes of this syndrome, the present study aims to determine the Effect of lifestyle education based on Pender model on frailty outcomes in community-dwelling older adults.
Methods: In this single-blind randomized clinical trial, 50 eligible elderly were selected and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The elderly in the intervention group received 6 training sessions based on the dimensions of Pender lifestyle. The control group did not receive any intervention but was given an educational booklet at the end of the study. Outcomes measured in this study included Activities of daily living, fear of falling, physical function and hospitalization. Data were collected before the intervention and 3 months after the intervention.
Results: there was no significant difference between the mean outcome scores of the two groups before the study. However, intervention group scores for fear of falling (32.54 ± 11.275 vs. 25.16 ± 5.764), physical activity (1104.71 ± 1460.387 vs. 1771.72 ± 1168.229) and physical function (7.50 ± 2.654 vs. 8.64 ± 2.430) were significantly higher than control group 3 month after intervention. There was no significant difference between the scores of daily life activities (1.319 5. 5.36 vs. 5.77 5. 5.80) and the number of readmissions (25% vs. 20%) in the intervention and control groups.
Conclusion: Providing lifestyle education based on Pender model can reduce the fear of falling, physical activity and physical function in frailty people, but this intervention could not significantly improve the ability of the elderly to perform activities of daily living and reduce elderly readmitted to the hospital. However, further studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to measure the effect of the intervention on all outcomes of frailty syndrome.

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Introduction: The rapid growth of the elderly population and the sedentary and mechanical lifestyle of the present age, on the other hand, double the physical, psychological, social and economic problems in old age and affect the quality of life of individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity and various dimensions of quality of life in the elderly.
Method: The present study is descriptive and cohort type. 240 elderly people of Lahijan county were selected as a sample in 2021 through sports delegations and the presence location of non-athlete elderly people. Descriptive tests, independent groups t-test, Spearman correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney U test were used and all statistical operations were performed using SPSS software version 23.
Results: The results showed that the mean of physical health variables in active elderly was 22.98 and inactive 19.88, environmental in active elderly was 25.42 and inactive was 22.6, psychological state of active elderly was 20.79 and inactive was 17.6 and the quality of life of active elderly is 79.05 and inactive is 67.53. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the quality of life of active and inactive elderly (P˂0.01).
Conclusion: It is suggested that health planning managers try to remove barriers, strengthen the motivation of the elderly to participate in sports, and focus their attention on improving the quality of life of the elderly. 

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Introduction: One of the expected consequences of population aging is the increased prevalence of frailty. Various factors can affect the quality of life and frailty is probably one of them. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between frailty and quality of life in hospitalized old patients.
Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on 120 old patients hospitalized in selected hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences who were included in the study using convenience methods. Data were collected through a Tilburg Frailty Index (TFI) and a 12-item quality of life questionnaire (SF-12). The data were analyzed with independent t-tests, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SPSS v.22.
Results: 64.2% of the old patients were men. The average age of the participants was 68.3 ± 8.11 years in the study. 62.5% of participants were frail. Quality of life had a negative and significant correlation with frailty (r= -0.72, P<0.001).
Conclusion: According to the findings, most of the old patients in the study were frail. Frailty had an inverse relationship with the quality of life, which means that with the increase of frailty, the quality of life decreases, and therefore, investigating and trying to reduce it can improve the quality of life of old patients.
 

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Background : due to the occurrence of covid-19 disease in the world and the lack of standard treatment for this disease, a lot of research was done to find the causes of the disease and the methods of treatment. and is not infected with covid 19.
 methods: This study is a case-control study and its statistical population was elderly people who referred to Bandargaz city hospital. 35 people in the case group and 107 people in the control group and a total of 142 patients were included in this study. Sampling was done to measure the level of vitamin D of these people with standard kits. The data of this study were analyzed using independent t-tests, analysis of variance, chi-square and linear regression.
 Results: The average level of serum vitamin D in people with a history of vitamin D consumption was equal to 40.49 ng/mL and in people with a history of not taking vitamin D, it was 15.6 ng/mL. The average serum level of vitamin D in the group infected with Covid-19 (24.48±18.22 ng/mL) compared to the non-infected group (25.95±23.54 ng/mL) showed no significant difference (<0.05). p).
  Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there is no significant difference between the average serum level of vitamin D inferred in two groups with and without covid 19. It was also shown that the average serum level of vitamin D in the occupations of farmers and ranchers was lower than that of employees
Background and purpose: due to the occurrence of covid-19 disease in the world and the lack of standard treatment for this disease, a lot of research was done to find the causes of the disease and the methods of treatment. and is not infected with covid 19.
Materials and methods: This study is a case-control study and its statistical population was elderly people who referred to Bandargaz city hospital. 35 people in the case group and 107 people in the control group and a total of 142 patients were included in this study. Sampling was done to measure the level of vitamin D of these people with standard kits. The data of this study were analyzed using independent t-tests, analysis of variance, chi-square and linear regression.
 Results: The average level of serum vitamin D in people with a history of vitamin D consumption was equal to 40.49 ng/mL and in people with a history of not taking vitamin D, it was 15.6 ng/mL. The average serum level of vitamin D in the group infected with Covid-19 (24.48±18.22 ng/mL) compared to the non-infected group (25.95±23.54 ng/mL) showed no significant difference (<0.05). p).
  Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there is no significant difference between the average serum level of vitamin D inferred in two groups with and without covid 19. It was also shown that the average serum level of vitamin D in the occupations of farmers and ranchers was lower than that of employees
 

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Introduction: Musical stimuli affect emotions, cognition, and other human characteristics, in health or disease. Today, an increasing number of healthcare centers, rehabilitation facilities, and daily programs for older adults recognize music therapy as a Non-invasive and sustainable intervention useful intervention. This systematic review was conducted to investigate the applications of music therapy among older adults.
Methods: The present study was conducted with the aim of a systematic review of the effects of music therapy on older adults, following the principle of PRISMA and the descriptive-analytical method. For this purpose, a standard search was conducted in reliable reference databases, based on the keywords: music therapy, Music activity, nonpharmacological therapy for Elderly, and elderly, in articles published between 2010 and 2023. After the final screening, the full text of 19 articles was extracted and analyzed.
Results: Based on the interpretation of the qualitative findings (content) of the articles, it was determined that the effects of music therapy on older adults can be placed in three areas: neurological and psychological, sensory-motor, and social. Singing, playing music, and playing instruments are useful for improving physical and mental health, sensory-motor rehabilitation, treating depression, improving sleep quality, reducing feelings of loneliness, improving Alzheimer's symptoms, improving verbal communication, and also improving the quality of life of older adults.
Conclusion: The present study showed that music therapy has significant effects in old age. Therefore, to improve and increase the cognitive, psychological, and health functions of older adults, taking into account the cultural and social facilities in medical and health centers, music therapy interventions can be effectively and timely used by trained professionals.
 

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Introduction:: Improper lifestyle is one of the influential factors in the occurrence of chronic diseases, including high blood pressure. Health literacy is an important factor for people to better understand their health management. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between health literacy and lifestyle in the elderly with hypertension.
Methods:: The present study was a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted on 210 elderly people with hypertension who referred to specialized clinics under Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences using a simple random method. The tools of data collection were health promoting lifestyle questionnaires (HPLP2) and health literacy of Iranian cattle (HELIA). Data analysis was done with SPSS version 23 software and Pearson correlation and regression tests.
 Results: The average age of the elderly was 67 years, of which 54.8% were men. The results of statistical analysis showed that 62% of the samples had a favorable lifestyle and 58% had sufficient health literacy. Men's lifestyle and health literacy had higher average scores than women (p<0.003). In the examination of the average scores of health literacy and lifestyle, a significant relationship was observed with the variables of employment status, education level, place of residence and the number of drugs consumed (p<0.05). A statistically significant correlation was seen between the variables of health literacy and lifestyle (p>0.001). Conclusion: Increasing health literacy is an important step in improving lifestyle. It seems necessary to carry out educational-counseling interventions to improve the lifestyle of the elderly

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Introduction: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the Prevalence of Non-communicable chronic diseases and related factors in the elderly of Shahroud in 2022.

Method: The present study was carried out in a descriptive-cross-sectional manner on the elderly, referring to the health-treatment centers of Shahroud City. 448 elderly people were selected as the sample size by random cluster method. The questionnaires included demographic information, the elderly depression screening test (GDS-4), the short version of the nutritional status assessment questionnaire (MNA-SF-6), and the chronic diseases checklist. Statistical tests, Fisher, t-test and chi-square, and SPSS version 16 software were used for data analysis.

Results: The average age of the study participants was 71.6±7.1 and 54.2% of them were male. The most common chronic disorders were high blood pressure (55.1%), vision disorders (42%), diabetes (31.9%) and depression (29.7%). Diabetes was more common in women (P=0.003), people with less education (P=0.014), those who lived alone (P=0.003), body mass index higher than 27 (P=0.005), and those with risk of malnourished (P=0.001), and it was significantly less in the elderly who were employed (P=0.002). High body mass index was also significantly associated with seven diseases, including diabetes, high blood pressure, thyroid, neurological, osteoporosis, hyperlipidemia, and depression. Adequacy of monthly income was associated with only one disease (liver disease) and smoking was not associated with any of the diseases.

Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly and the many factors affecting them, it is necessary to use a multi-faceted approach in planning to prevent and reduce chronic diseases and improve the health of the elderly.