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Introduction: Aging is one of the important phenomena in the field of health care. The main objectives of health programs for older women are reducing the impact of chronic diseases, maintaining their ability for independent living and improving their quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of traditinal medicine in improving the quality of life of  older women based on evidence.   
Method: In this Systematic review, data collected through databases such as SID, cilivika, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar with no time limitation with key words like older women, traditinal medicine, Complementary and alternative medicine and herbal medicine. 26 articles of 49 papers obtained are investigated.
Results: According to Persian traditional medicine, older womenʼs temperaments in old ages may be cold and dry or cold and wet. So due to the people signs of appearance, life style should be modified. Foremost nutritional advice in the older adults is eating high-quality nutritious foods frequently in small amounts and avoiding substances containing phlegm and melancholy . Consuming foods which produce heat and wet, pay attention to sleep, GI system protection, moderate exercise and oils are important factors to protect the health of older women.  
Conclusion: The effectiveness of traditinal medicine with the use of classical medicine in older women could provide a new paradigm for managenet this period of life. Considering the six areas of nutrition, sleep and wakefulness, exercise and inactivity, mental health, climate and waste disposal along with Iranian medicine approach provide new horizons for researchers. Therefore clinical studies with ideas based on Iranian medicine are recommended.

 

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Introduction: Falling phenomenon is one of the prevalent and serious problems among the elderly that brings about disability and reduction in quality of life for them. Investigating the causes of the fall and identifying the elderly who are at risk of falling, with the aim of reducing and preventing collapse, are deemed integral issues. Hence, this study investigates the role of muscle strength and range of motion of the lower extremity affective in the elderly's fall.
Method: In this study, a systemic search was conducted through the electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, MAGIRAN, IRANDOC, and SID. Necessary searches through the articles published from 1984 to August 2017 for English and Persian keywords were carried out. The English keywords sought included elderly, older adult, geriatric, aging, lower extremity range of motion, fall, gait, and lower extremity muscle strength; the Persian ones included the elderly, lower extremity range of motion, lower limb muscle strength, balance, walking, and slipping. After the initial screening performed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, the articles published in English and Persian, in terms of the current subject, were investigated.
Results: Forty-three articles were selected, and they examined the role of lower extremity muscles and joints in the case of fall by the elderly using the following methods:  1. Age-related weakening of muscle strength and lower extremity range of motion; 2. The correlation between muscle strength as well as range of motion and balance and walking abilities in the elderly; 3. Comparison of muscle strength and range of motion in the elderly (with a background of falling or lack of such a background) and those in the youth; 4. The effect of certain muscles and joints of the lower extremities on the elderly’s balance, fall, and walking.
Conclusion: Based on the above findings and results, it appears that as aging grows interaction of muscle strength and lower extremity range of motion with power balance increases. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that measuring muscle strength and lower extremity range of motion is of great value in terms of the assessment of balance disorders and functional skills in the elderly.



 

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Introduction: According to the increase in aging population, studying the life quality and its related factors is important. Due to the various aspects of elderly’s quality of life and many different needs including physical, mental and social, there are a few comprehensive studies in this field. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the life quality of elderly and its dimensions in nursing homes through a review of total previous studies.
Methods: The present study has examined fifteen-year researches and studies in Persian and Latin sources, such as scientific databases, information banks of Iranian publications and magazines, engineering journals and design indexed in Science direct, magazines in Taylor & Francis and Springer link websites during all three months of spring 1395 with the selected keywords including nursing home, elderly’s life quality, elderly residence and environmental characteristics of elderly and English phrase “Quality of life & nursing home”.
Results: The extracted variables from 58 essays related to the subject via content analysis of earned variables  and consultation with experts in the field of elderly architecture were divided into four groups including 12 factors: Physical variables (safety, physical support and rehabilitation), structural-functional variables (environmental and physical fitness, accessibility and comfort), cognitive factors (familiarity with the environment, perceptual security, sensory stimulation, sense of efficacy and psychological support) and sociocultural variables (social protection and confidentiality). Among the four variable groups, researchers emphasize on the following factors in order: cognitive variables (with a frequency of 48.8%), sociocultural variables (21.4%), physical variables (20.8%) and structural-functional variables (9%).
Conclusion: the results has shown that many factors affect the life quality of older people in nursing homes  and the related factors to the nursing home structure were classified in 12 minor groups and four general variables and also the great magnitude of cognitive variables for researchers and then in an order of sociocultural, physical and structural-functional variables was emphasized.  Accordingly it is suggested that cognitive and sociocultural aspects should be considered in a specific way in studies, planning and designing nursing homes in addition to physical and structural variables.
 

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Introduction: The results of research to date on the effectiveness of reminiscence therapy on improving positive variables in the elderly are inconsistent. Research is a meta-analysis of a set of systematic techniques for resolving the paradox of findings from various research on a topic. To achieve this goal, a question was raised about the effect of reminiscence therapy on improving positive variables in the elderly.
Methods: To answer the meta-analysis question, done From the Research Collection Persian and English Between 2010 and 2019 used. Among the studies that they were eligible for meta-analysis 16 articles were selected. To collect information from the meta-analysis checklist used. Data were analyzed using CMA-2 meta-analysis software.
 Results: The meta-analysis findings showed that the effect size of the integrative reminiscence therapy on improving the positive variables in the elderly was 1.036. Also, the effect size of integrative reminiscence therapy on improving happiness in elderly 6.702 and the effect size of memory rehabilitation on quality of life was 0.136.
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated That Effect Size Integrative reminiscence therapy on the improvement of positive variables in the elderly By the Kohen criterion, it is high.

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Introduction : Elderly Demographic change will have a significant impact on societies. Locomotive disorders are common and important cause of disability and reduced quality of life in old age. Recognizing screening methods, can be early detection Locomotive syndrome (LS), prevented the incidence, prevalence and disability caused by this syndrome. The aim of this study is to integrative review of screening methods for LS in the elderly.
Methods: In this review study, searches in international and national databases and journals: Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Irandoc, SID, with keywords Locomotive syndrome, Locomotive disorder, screening tool, assessment tool, physical performance test, from 2000 to 2018were extracted and reviewed.
Results: from 70 related articles, 19 English articles were reviewed. Methods and tests used to assess, evaluate and LS screening in 19 Articles related to the purpose of this study include evaluation method of 9 - Physical and 3 questionnaire or Evaluation Checklist. These include: stand up test, one-leg standing test (with open eye), two-steps test, 5-times-sit-to-stand test, 6-walking time, the 10-m gait time, measuring back muscles strength and grip strength, timed up-and-Go (TUG Test), maximum stride, self-check list (Loco-check), questionnaires GLFS-25 and GLFS-5.
Conclusion: In this study, screening methods of LS described. Because of the importance of the LS, using the perfect screening methods recommended in elders, for timely detection of LS.
 

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Introduction: Nurses, as nursing care providers, have a pivotal role and a unique role in effecting the quality of care. The attitude of nurses on their preference for working with elderly people and the quality of care provided to them is effective. This study aimed to investigate the attitude of nursing students and nurses towards the care of elderly people.
 Method: To obtain articles on the attitude of nurses about the care of elderly people, the researchers first selected some keywords such as “attitude of nurses, nursing students, elderly and needs of elderly”. Then they tried to search these keywords  in some Persian language databases like ” SID, Magiran and IranMedex”. To find some English articles published between 2000-2018, the researchers also searched the keywords in some scientific databases like “ Scopus, Science Direct, Cochran library, Google Scholar, Ovid and PubMed”. Finally, based on the amount of articles related to search topics and include criteria, 24 related articles were selected and reviewed.
Finding: Nurses’ and nursing students’ attitudes towards care of elderly people were positive, negative and neutral. Many variables were evaluated as effective factors on nurses’ attitude, such as age, gender, level of education and work experience. It seems that having a positive attitude toward aging has an important role in choosing nurses in nursing care.
Conclusion: Since the knowledge of nurses in the field of aging is influential on the type of attitude and selecting their priority toward care of elderly patients, therefore, it is necessary to look at the education of elderly patient’s cognition in nursing education levels with more emphasis.

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Introduction: According to increasing in elderly population and life expectancy, mental health promotion and wellbeing in the elderly is very important. Happiness is a component of mental health that affects on bio-psycho-socio-moral health, and can improve elderly' quality of life. It is necessary to plan and implementation effective programs for elderly' health promotion as a vulnerable group, so this study was done to review interventions in the field of elderly happiness, types of interventions and their impact in ten years ago in IRAN.
Method: In this narrative review study, Persian and English published articles between 2009-2019 were searched by Persian and English key words: happiness، Elderly، Older adult، Old، Aged and Iran in Magiran، SID، Science Direct، Ovid و PubMed data base. Inclusion criteria for selecting papers were: time and place of research, relevance to the aim of research, having a framework for research, full text and the language (Persian or English) of articles. The quality of the papers was assessed based on a quantitative review checklist.
Results: 28 papers were reviewed. The findings of these article showed that Interventions that promote elderly' happiness are classified into four groups: physical (7 papers), psychological (15papers), artistic (4 papers), and health-promoting activities (2papers).
Conclusion: This study was showed that numerous interventions have been done in Iran to increase elderly's happiness, and effectiveness of these interventions have been proved. Health planning in the field of elderly's health promotion focused on the happiness is necessary for this group.

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Introduction: Biological aging is not something that only occurs in older people, but it’s a continuous process and natural that begins at puberty and ultimately leads to death. The aim of this study is to investigate the theory of free radicals and aging and its related aspects.
Methods: This study is a narrative review study. That was done by searching the databases of SID, Irandoc, Magiran, Google Scholar, Pub Med, and Science Direct with the keywords free radicals, aging, and free radicals theory in aging.
Discussion: The production of free radicals occurs in all cells, and in spite of their inactivation by intracellular antioxidants, they exert their effects on the cells, and accumulation of these effects over time may impair cell function, and this should be noted. That cannot be stopped, and as said, antioxidants only affect the average lifespan and are ineffective in maximizing longevity.
Conclusion: Daily intake of non-enzymatic oral antioxidants can affect many diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes, but it has no effect on maximizing lifespan.

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Introduction: Depression is a common problem in old age that can endanger the health of an elderly person. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression
Methods: This study was performed using a systematic literature review and meta-analysis in April and May 2020. Six electronic databases and one search engines were searched and evaluated on the prevalence of depression in Iranian elderly until the end of May 2020. Heterogeneity of study was checked using I² index and the possibility of publication bias by Egger test and Meta regression for assessment of variables suspected of heterogeneity at significance level of 0.05. Finally 30 empirical studies were reviewed using CMA.
Results: Based on the random model, the prevalence of depression in Iranian elderly was 15% (95% confidence interval, 10.8% - 20.5%). The highest prevalence was recorded in Koram Abad in 2013, 82.1% (95% CI: 71.5%-89.1%) and the lowest prevalence was 0.03 %( 95% CI: 0.01%-1.9%) in Khoy in 2016. There was a significant relationship between sample size, year and prevalence of depression (P <0.05).
Conclusion: The prevalence of depression occurs in more than one tenth of Iranian elderly. Increasing the prevalence of depression in the elderly in the country, in addition to imposing costs, also has negative consequences for patients. Therefore, health policy makers and managers must take serious actions to reduce it.
 

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Introduction: The elderly, a part of human society, for who in different religious and non-religious cultures and rituals there is a special place and respect. The elderly, due to their abundant experience of ups and downs of life, may be valuable and very strategic models for the development and promotion of all aspects of human life (both religious and non-religious). As for Islam, as a religion based on love and respect, this age group has a special respect and value; the narrations of Ahl al-Bayt (AS) indicate to various dimensions of the position of the elderly in society and the necessity of protecting their dignity. This frequency of roles requires that their place and function in the religious heritage must be considered and analyzed. In this research, an attempt has been made to do this important.
Method: In this review study, the considered information is extracted and analyzed through studying the contents of the Qur’an, the narrations of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) and related articles, with regard to the keywords “elderly”, “honoring the elderly”, “interaction with the elderly”, “the elderly in Islam” in a total of 25 articles and books under the subject of “elderly”.
Findings: According to the narrations of Ahl al-Bayt (AS), there is a direct ratio between the growth and development of human societies and the degree of respect and benefit from the experiences and teachings of the elderly; In other words, old age is not a period of disability and isolation, but a period of service and role-playing, in a different and of course valuable way.
Conclusion: The elderly are the scientific and epistemological authority of human societies. Their experience is a valuable achievement, and a big step towards conquering the new peaks of science and culture. In Islam, there is a direct ratio between increasing age and increasing dignity and respect; this means that old age in Islam is a time of honor, commemoration and sharing experiences with the young generation of society.

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Introduction: Elder abuse is common and global and it affects the various aspects of health and quality of life in the elderly. Therefore, successful management of elder abuse requires the implementation of various and effective interventions in its prevention. This study aimed to review the axes of intervention in the prevention of elder abuse.
Method: This study is a review, in which 1200 articles about elderly abuse since 2000-2019 were searched using online English databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science. Iranian articles were obtained from SID, Iran Medex, Magiran and Google Scholar websites. Overall, 35 articles were selected which had inclusion criteria.
Results: The study articles were divided into the following axes 1- Reducing the accurrance of risk factor for abuse in family caregivers 2- Increasing the detection rate of prevention in elder abuse 3- Interventions in victims of elder abuse 4- Introducing specialized teams for prevention of elder abuse 5- prevention of caregiver abuse of the elderly in nursing homes 6- prevention and stop of resident-to-resident elder abuse 7- Preventive interventions based on the role of health professionals
Conclusion: Usual forms of intervention programs may include public education, support groups, advocacy service interventions, and coordination in care for the elderly. Although family caregivers are the most vulnerable population providing unpaid care to family members, they have not been investigated as the deserved.

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Introduction: Quality of sleep and quality of life are two very important factors that improving them can help improve the quality of life of the elderly, in which exercise and physical activity play an important role. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to systematically review studies on the effect of exercise and physical activity on sleep quality and quality of life in the elderly in Iran.
Method: International databases of PubMed (Medline), Science Direct and Scopus and Persian databases including Jihad Daneshgahi Scientific Database, Iran Research Institute of Scientific Information and Documents (Irandak) and Database of Iranian Publications (Magiran) and Google Scholar scientific search engine was also searched in English and Farsi until October 6, 2020, using the keywords "Physical activity", "Exercise training", "Iran", "Elderly", "Sleep quality" and "Quality of life". A total of 824 articles were retrieved. After screening, the full text of 27 articles on the effects of exercise on sleep quality and quality of life of the elderly in Iran were reviewed. Finally, 18 articles that were qualitatively appropriate and met the inclusion criteria were dissected and examined.
Findings: Different aerobic, resistance and combined exercises have a significant effect on improving the sleep quality of Iranian elderly. Also, various exercise training and physical activity have a significant relationship with improving the quality of life of Iranian elderly.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that exercise and physical activity in the elderly of Iran improves their sleep quality and quality of life without side effects. Due to this issue, there is a need for effective planning and interventions in the field of exercise and physical activity for the elderly.

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The "Renovation" University is the first university for the elderly in Turkey, which relies on theoretical assumptions and concepts. The solutions given in the field of geriatrics in societies today are to increase life expectancy and to be seen healthy until the end of life. One of the first questions that comes to mind is how will this quality of life be achieved? The "Renovation" University is a gerontology activity with a "lifelong learning" model in line with this goal. The two-dimensional curriculum, theoretically and practically appropriate to the needs of the elderly, conveys useful information and on the other hand helps to acquire new talents and abilities according to the gender of the elderly. For example, cooking is taught for men and repairs are taught for women. By increasing the abilities and information of the elderly in the mental, physical and social fields, it helps to increase the quality of life related to the physical, mental, social aspects and further to maintain health.

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Introduction: It is essential understanding causes of falls among the older adults in order to design effective interventions; therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of muscle weakness in balance and postural instability among older adults with and without a history of falls.Results: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 articles entered the final review phase. Eighteen of the above twenty-three studies reported that lower-limb muscles play an important role in balance and postural stability, and five articles investigated the role of lower-limb muscles in balance and falls among the older adults.
Conclusion: It seems that muscle weakness is a risk factor for falls among the older adults. Both the distal and proximal muscles of the lower limb play an important role in the balance and fall among the older adults. Studies showed that upper-limb muscles play a more important role in balance, postural instability, and falls among the older adults than lower-limb muscles. Therefore, to prevent muscle weakness-related falls among the older adults, training programs should be considered to increase the muscle strength and thus to reduce the risk of falls in this age group and increase the number of active older adults in the society.

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Introduction: Falls are one of the most common and serious problems in the elderly, having a threatening consequence for them. Therefore, finding the most effective nursing interventions to maintain the health and safety of this age group is very necessary, so this study was conducted to investigate the nursing interventions performed in field of the elderly falling.
Method: By searching the databases; SID, IranDoc, Google scholar, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Science Direct and using the keywords "Elder", "Prevention", "Intervention" and "Fall/Falling"; all articles examining nursing interventions in prevention of falling in older adults, were included in the study. Electronic search was performed during 2015-2021. From 72 studies which were reviewed and screened, 20 studies were evaluated and analyzed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria for data extraction.
Results: Findings of 20 selected studies showed; falling is one of the most important harmful factors for older adults that have adverse effects on their health status. According to the findings, making the environment safer, performing periodic examinations, teaching safe and self-care behaviors to the elderly, adjusting medication and exercising are the most effective steps to reduce and moderate the risk of fall in the elderly.
Conclusion: According to reviewed studies, despite the fact that old age, due to physical and mental limitations, puts older adults at a higher risk of falling, but with a set of measures, the risk and injury extent can be reduced. Maintaining the elderly health and preventing their injuries is one of the most important health care providers’ duties and can provide a dynamic and qualified period for them, so trying to find effective interventions to prevent and reduce risk of falling in these people should always be considered.

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Introduction: The present study reviews published studies on the effects of antipsychotic use in the treatment of delirium in the elderly in order to determine the effect of antipsychotic drugs on the prevention and treatment of delirium in the elderly admitted to the intensive care unit and the possible side effects of these drugs in this group of patients.
Method: The present review article was conducted in the year1399-1400 by searching relevant keywords in English and Persian in national and international databases. 70 studies were included in the study in the first phase. After deleting duplicate and unrelated studies, 48 studies remained, and finally 19 studies were excluded due to problems such as the lack of eligible criteria for this study, and the remaining 29 studies in this article were reviewed.
Results: Haloperidol, dexmedetomidine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, promazine, and clozapine are some of the common antipsychotic drugs used to treat delirium in the elderly. Although in some cases the use of these drugs can reduce the symptoms of delirium, but it can also cause side effects that include increased cerebrovascular complications, increased blood pressure and heart rate, dizziness, myocardial infarction, increased QT interval, tachycardia sinus, T-wave reversal, increased ST-segment elevation, ventricular atrial block, metabolic problems, sodium deficiency, hyperglycemia, pneumonia, and deep vein thrombosis.
Conclusion: According to the evidence obtained from the articles, the use of antipsychotics in the prevention and treatment of delirium in the elderly is not recommended, and in some cases it seems that the risk of using antipsychotics in the treatment of delirium in the elderly outweighs the benefits of using it. Therefore, due to the lack of sufficient evidence for the beneficial role of these drugs in the prevention and treatment of delirium in the elderly, it is recommended to pay more attention to preventive measures against delirium in this group of patients.

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Introduction: Ageism is a serious international concern that negatively affects older people. But most people in society do not have enough information about this concept and the overcoming strategies for it. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the concept of ageism and overcoming strategies for it in the elderly.
Methods: This narrative review study focuses on ageism studies and overcoming strategies of it in the elderly. To access articles, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases from 2001 to 2022. The search was conducted in Persian and English. The keywords used for the search were Age discrimination, elderly, older adult, ageism, and overcoming strategies. After reviewing the titles and abstracts of the articles, articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The result of the primary search was 40 articles, then based on the inclusion criteria, 27 articles were included in this study.
Results: Ageism is carried out in two ways, individually, by individuals, and institutionally by the policy or organizational structure of an institution. Age discrimination has two aspects, explicit and implicit; explicit or conscious ageism is the discrimination and hatred of older people that is reflected through immediate behavior and action. Age discrimination can be corrected through intergenerational programs, intergenerational service learning, education about aging, positive contact with older adults, and other appropriate interventions.
Conclusion: The concept of ageism is a multidimensional structure. It has three cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions and is divided into two types, individual and organizational. Ageism also has two explicit and implicit aspects.  Based on this, it has relational, dynamic, and social aspects.  Therefore, informing society about this concept seems necessary. On the other hand, interventions can be done to reduce age discrimination in various area, therefore, it is suggested those interventions will be implemented by gerontologists to reduce discriminatory behaviors toward the older adults.

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Introduction: Musical stimuli affect emotions, cognition, and other human characteristics, in health or disease. Today, an increasing number of healthcare centers, rehabilitation facilities, and daily programs for older adults recognize music therapy as a Non-invasive and sustainable intervention useful intervention. This systematic review was conducted to investigate the applications of music therapy among older adults.
Methods: The present study was conducted with the aim of a systematic review of the effects of music therapy on older adults, following the principle of PRISMA and the descriptive-analytical method. For this purpose, a standard search was conducted in reliable reference databases, based on the keywords: music therapy, Music activity, nonpharmacological therapy for Elderly, and elderly, in articles published between 2010 and 2023. After the final screening, the full text of 19 articles was extracted and analyzed.
Results: Based on the interpretation of the qualitative findings (content) of the articles, it was determined that the effects of music therapy on older adults can be placed in three areas: neurological and psychological, sensory-motor, and social. Singing, playing music, and playing instruments are useful for improving physical and mental health, sensory-motor rehabilitation, treating depression, improving sleep quality, reducing feelings of loneliness, improving Alzheimer's symptoms, improving verbal communication, and also improving the quality of life of older adults.
Conclusion: The present study showed that music therapy has significant effects in old age. Therefore, to improve and increase the cognitive, psychological, and health functions of older adults, taking into account the cultural and social facilities in medical and health centers, music therapy interventions can be effectively and timely used by trained professionals.
 

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Introduction: Memory, one of the main cognitive functions, is known to decline with age. Serious games have been used to improve memory in the elderly. The Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of serious games in improving verbal and non-verbal memory.
Methods: All international databases of PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ISI, Web of Knowledge and Embase were reviewed and searched based on keywords related to the study objectives until March 2023. The Present study was conducted based on the PRISMA 2020 checklist and Google Scholar search engine was also used to find related articles. Mean differences (95% confidence interval) were calculated using fixed effect model. Stata/MP v.17 software was used to perform meta-analysis
Result: After reviewing the abstracts of 624 articles, 105 articles were selected for full text review, of which 11 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The difference in the mean verbal memory score between the serious game group and the control group was 0.40 (MD, 0.40, 95% CI 0.30, 0.50; P>0.001). The difference in the average non-verbal memory score between the serious game group and the control group was 0.47 (MD, 0.40, 95% CI 0.37, 0.57; P<0.001).
Conclusion: Serious games have the Potential to improve verbal and non-verbal memory in elderly People with cognitive impairment. Serious games should be offered as an adjunct to existing Proven and safe interventions rather than a complete replacement until stronger evidence is available.
 

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Introduction: Aging care ethics by nurses have a particular importance, but its extent is different in clinical nurses. The aim of this study was to examine ethics in nurses care of elderly patients in the western Golestan province.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017. The study population consisted of 183 nurses working in centers sheltered western Golestan University of Medical Sciences that took care of elderly patients. Quota sampling method was performed in 3 cities. Quotas on the number of nurses in each hospital were different. Data collection tools included demographic information and questionnaire for the Ethical Treatment of elderly care. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 16, descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and Spearman, Friedman and ordinal regression with the significant level of p< 0.05.
Results: Total number of 142 cases (77.6%) nurses was female. The average ethics was 63.4±13.1 (IQR=15). The 158 individuals (86.3%) were in the moderate and high level of ethics. Cooperation and empathy (Mean Rank=5.4) had the highest area of ethics based on the Friedman test. Kindness and valuating the patient aspect (P=0.0001, OR=5.91) had the most effective areas in ethics based on ordinal regression. A Chi-square test showed the significant relationship between ethics and gender (P=0.003), marital status (P=0.005), the nurses ward (P=0.013), and employment (P=0.001).
Conclusion: The study showed that the ethics of nurses in the care of elderly patients was moderate and high. The ethics of care can be improved by developing evaluation systems, moderating non-essential activities of nurses, gender proportionality between patients and nurses and focusing on patient education.