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Introduction: People in old age are susceptible to a variety of diseases and disabilities due to decreased physiological capacities. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of substance abuse, mental health, and frailty among the elderly hospitalized in Hazrat-e Rasoul Hospital in 2019.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was performed on 300 patients 60 years old and over at Hazrat-e Rasoul Hospital in Tehran. The researcher-made questionnaires for demographics, general health (GHQ), substance use (DAST), and clinical frailty questionnaires (CFS) were used to obtain the data.
Results: The age range of the participants was between 60 and 97 years with a mean of 71 years. 22.7% equals 68% of the elderly studied with substance abuse, mean overall health score was 19.78 with a standard deviation of 13.38 and in elderly frailty, good management index with a frequency of 69 persons equals 23% of Subjects have the highest frequency.
Conclusion: The findings showed that the family, social and economic status of the elderly is influenced by the prevalence of substance abuse and their general health and frailty.

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Introduction: In recent years, elder abuse has been recognized as a growing social problem that needs to be addressed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the family abuse with older adults hospitalized and related factors in Hazrat Rasool Akram Hospital in Tehran in 2018.
Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample of this study included 250 elderly people who were selected by convenience sampling from the elderly patients of Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran in 2018. Data were collected using the Elder Abuse Questionnaire (EAQ) and Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test, t-test and chi-square by IBM SPSS software v.22.
Results: The mean age of the elderly patients was 76.48. 9.55 years. 40.4% were male and 59.6% were female. 49.6% of the elderly with emotional neglect, 65.6% with care neglect, 41.2% with financial negligence, 46.8% with financial abuse, 50.4% with deprivation of authority, 42% with psychological abuse, 4/4% 30% had physical abuse and 33.2% had rejection, which did not differ significantly based on gender, education, and history of psychiatric illness. Age was directly related to the prevalence of elder abuse (P = 0.02, r = 0.14). Low income, marriage, living in a nursing home and higher care burden were associated with higher elder abuse (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Elderly abuse is a common problem. Many related factors, such as income and residence, are adjustable. But it is necessary to pay more attention to many factors from the legal point of view and public education.

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Introduction: According to the growing population of elderly and emerging problems such as disappointment and depression, it is necessary to increase the mental health index by paying attention to the abilities and positive feelings of the elderly. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on depression, self-inventory, self-knowledge, and psychological characteristics of the elderly living in Isfahan.
Methods: This experimental research has been done in Isfahan in 2020. The participants included all the elderly aged above 60 years, living in Isfahan; 40 participants were selected purposefully based on inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups equally. Measurements consisted of scales of elderly depression, self-inventory, self-knowledge, and positive psychological characteristics. Questioners were completed before the intervention; then, positive psychotherapy was performed for the experimental group for six weeks, twice a week for two days among sessions for 11 sessions (each session was 90 minutes). Questioners have been completed immediately at the end of the sessions. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 23).
Results: Findings of the research have demonstrated that positive psychotherapy has a significant role in the reduction of depression and improvement of self-inventory, self-knowledge, and positive psychological characteristics of the elderly (p<0.05).
Conclusions: It is concluded that positive psychotherapy can be used as an efficient method in order to decrease depression and improve self-inventory, self-knowledge, and positive psychological features in the elderly at counseling and psychotherapy centers. 
 
 

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Introduction: The prevalence of psychological problems in elderly retired teachers is high due to distance from work and former mental and physical activities, and interventions are needed to solve these problems. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of training positive strategies on the resilience and quality of life of elderly retired teachers.
Method: The research method was semi-experimental and pre-test, post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all the elderly retired teachers of Kerman city in 2023, 30 people (15 people from the experimental group and 15 people from the control group) were selected by available sampling method and with informed consent. Data collection tools were Connor and Davidson's (2003) resilience questionnaires and Kaczynski and Keller's (1996) quality of life questionnaire. The intervention of teaching positive strategies in 9 sessions of 70 minutes and twice a week was performed on the experimental group and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was done with descriptive tests (mean and standard deviation) and covariance analysis using SPSS version 24 software. P level less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: In the resilience variable, the mean and standard deviation of the experimental group in the pre-test was 56.55±5.74 and in the post-test 67.82±6.12 and in the quality of life variable, the mean and standard deviation of the experimental group in the pre-test 21.75 ± 4.15 in the test and 30.59 ± 3.68 in the post-test. The results of the covariance analysis also showed that teaching positive strategies had an effect on the resilience and quality of life of retired teachers (P<0.01).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, training positive strategies can be used to increase the resilience and quality of life of elderly retired teachers.