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Introduction: Older adults prefer to live at home in later life, but current life condition obliged them to live at nursing homes. However, literatures showed that living in nursring homes leads to dissatisfaction, loneliness and poor quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to perform some interventions to improve the quality of life of older adults in nursing home and increase its acceptability. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of social and recreational interventions on the quality of life of the older adults living at nursing homes in Qazvin and comparing it with the quality of life of community-dwelling older adults.
Method: This was a quasi-experimental study. The sample size was 37 older adults’ residents of nursing homes and 36 older adults living in the community, which were selected through convenience and randomized sampling, respectively. Data were collected using the WHOQOL-36 before and three months after the intervention. Intervention was an amusement program, Inner city tour and a trip outside the city and regular visiting by an internal specialist. Data was analyzed by SPSS21 using independent t-test and paired t-test.
Result: Before the intervention, the mean of quality of life among nursing homes residents was 59.43 ± 8.29 in physical aspect, (63.88 ± 5.80 ) in psychological aspect and overall ( 61.65 ± 5.31). These scores for the older adults in the community were 63.88 ± 5.80, 64.63 ± 8.37 And 64.60 ± 7.30 respectively. After the intervention, mean of quality of life for older adults at nursing homes was 61.29 ± 8.07 in physical aspect, 71.08 ± 6.80 in the psychological aspect and overall 66.18 ± 5.17. No significant changes were observed in the control group (7.85 ± 63.97, 8.10 ± 66.08 and 6.96 ± 65.2).
Conclusion: Some interventions could make the nursing homes more attractive for the older adults and would improve their quality of life similar to community-dwelling older adults.
 

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The epidemic of COVID-19 disease began in 2019 (January 10) in Wuhan, China, and quickly became a global problem. The rapid growth of this disease in Iran was from March 25, 2020, to April 15, 2020 (1). In addition to physical problems, the disease had many social, economic, and cultural consequences.
The old people are one of the age groups that were less seen and more at risk. Iranian older adults need to be given more attention because of the growth rate (3.9%) of the aging population in Iran (3), and the Population aging ratio (9.2%) (4), there is also a high prevalence of underlying diseases in older adults. (Such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, etc.). According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, eight out of ten deaths occur in people over the age of 65 (5). Recommendations for the elderly generally include hand washing, staying at home, maintaining social distance (two meters), and hospitalization for the elderly including meeting restrictions, restrictions on activities at the center, and daily monitoring of symptoms in the elderly and center staff. Be. A study by McMichael reported that 101 seniors and 50 caregivers at the King Country Center were infected. The Case fatality rate (CFR) for COVID-19 was about 34 (33.7%) for the nursing home older adults and zero for the caregivers (6).
In the study of Nikpouraghdam et al., The first wave of the disease was performed between February 19, 2020, and April 15, 2020. It was found that the mean age of 239 deaths was 65.38 ± 13.67 years and nearly 67 percent of deaths occurred over the age of 60 (7). According to the State Welfare Organization of Iran, the prevention strategies include: allocate 2$ to prevent COVID-19 disease in all care centers, providing the necessary training to the staff and families of hospitalized people, not accepting new cases and discharge until Secondary notification, elimination of unnecessary personnel traffic and permanent presence of personnel, provision of special instructions for the elderly were performed in all care centers (8). According to the data, about 87 elderly people and 68 caregivers of the Kahrizak Charity foundation have been infected with COVID-19 (9). Twenty-seven elderly people have died (10), therefore, the CFR is about 31%. Unfortunately, the available data is very limited. It is not yet possible to give an accurate interpretation of the status of COVID-19 pandemic in the community-dwelling and Nursing home older adults in Iran.

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Introduction: Developing a negative attitude towards the elderly in the family and society can cause misbehavior towards them; therefore, improving the attitude towards the elderly will have positive effects on their health and quality of life. In the current research, an attempt has been made to investigate effect of a nursing home visit program on students' attitudes about the nursing home.
Method: The present experimental study was conducted on 66 female students, seventh grade, in two groups of control and intervention by random block sampling in Tehran in 2016. The intervention group had a plan to visit nursing homes. Before visiting and meeting with the elderly, the intervention group students were given training on aging, elderly people and nursing homes, and how to communicate with the elderly was also explained. Then the program of visiting the old people's home was implemented. 4 weeks after the implementation of the intervention, the attitude survey questionnaire was completed again by both groups (103-105). Data collection was done with a researcher-made questionnaire in two sections: demographic information and students' attitudes. Students' attitudes were measured before and after the intervention in both groups. Data were measured using SPSS 23 software and independent t, paired t, Man-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests.
Result: In the intervention group, there was a significant difference in the level of "attitude towards the elderly" before (16.13) and after the intervention (17.58) (P>0.001); But in the control group, the steps before (14.70) and after the intervention (14.96) did not show statistically significant difference (P>0.05). "Attitude towards the nursing home" in the intervention group, the scores before the intervention (21.61) compared to after the intervention (22.88), there was a statistically significant difference, and in the control group, no statistically significant difference was observed before and after the intervention. "Attitude towards leaving parents to nursing homes" in intervention and control groups; before and after the intervention, no significant statistical difference was observed (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Visiting the nursing home had a positive effect on the students' attitudes towards the elderly and the nursing home, but it did not affect towards leaving parents to the nursing home.
 

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Abstract
Background:. Successful aging is one of the most important concepts in gerontology and is a process in which a person adjusts him/herself to adapt to the changes caused by aging and be independent. Based on a review of related literature, it seems that spiritual health and social participation can be considered as important predictors of successful aging. The present study aimed to determine the power of spiritual health and social participation in predicting successful aging among the elderly living in nursing homes.
Methods: This is a analytical cross-sectional study, in which a total of 181 elderly people living in nursing homes were recruited using stratified sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, multidimensional questionnaire of successful aging, JAREL Spiritual Well-Being Scale (JSWBS), and Social Participation Questionnaire (SPQ).
Results: The overall mean scores of successful aging, spiritual well-being, and social participation were shown to be 139.38 ± 34.14, 78.63 ± 19.21, and 42.09 ± 13.57, respectively. Based on the results of multivariate regression analysis, spiritual well-being and social participation predicted 62.5% of the variance of the overall successful aging score (ADJ.R2 = 0.625, R2 = 0.63, R = 0.793).
Conclusion: The results showed that the mean score of successful aging increases as the mean scores of spiritual well-being and social participation increase.
 
 

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Introduction: Transferring to elderly service centers is one of the most difficult experiences for the elderly. This experience can be effective in creating a sense of depression and loss of social support in them. In this research, the aim is to examine the factors affecting the elderly living in the nursing home from the perspective and narrative of the elderly.
Methods: For this purpose, with the qualitative method and conducting interviews and using the LHC (life history calendar) technique, milestones were extracted in which people are affected during their life from childhood to old age, and factors which was important regarding living in nursing homes, was taken into consideration. Tehran's Kahrizak Nursing Home was chosen due to the large number of elderly people with different characteristics (people who are able to speak and do not suffer from dementia) were selected, and 6 men and 6 women who were willing to participate were interviewed.
Results: Important time milestones were extracted from the interviews: the time of parents' death, spouse's death, illness and accident, and children's marriage time, the birth of grandchildren and the growing up of grandchildren and research areas were determined in the form of economic, social and cultural issues.
Conclusions: In economic issues, areas such as homelessness, loss of inheritance, living space and residential homes of children, high costs of maintenance and treatment were identified, and under social issues, the desire to have privacy, polygamy and the presence of a stepmother, celibacy and childlessness. (celibacy) and children's differences, and under cultural issues, areas such as generation gap, valuing youth and weakening of religious beliefs were raised.
 

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Introduction: Nursing homes provide a variety of services, including mental health services and social work to the older adults. Since these services, unlike medical services, are of subjective nature, how service providers perceive and give meaning to their services, beyond organizational guidelines, provides a more realistic understanding of psychosocial services. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the nature and process of psychosocial services based on the perceptions of service providers to the elderly.
 Methods: The research method was qualitative. The study population was all psychosocial service providers in nursing homes in Tehran in 2023.  By using purposive sampling, 18 psychologists and social workers who had at least one year of experience in nursing homes were semi-structurally interviewed and then concepts and categories were extracted using thematic analysis.
Findings: Data analysis showed that, regarding the service providers' understanding of the nature of psychosocial services, three themes and 11 concepts were obtained, which were: maintaining social bonds, protecting psycho-cognitive function, and involving the family. The process of providing psychosocial services also included three themes and 11 concepts. The themes were: psycho-cultural assessment, personalizing services that are essentially the same with physical priority over psychological, and considering interactions with the elderly.
Conclusion: The results showed that although maintaining the social interactions of the older adults is important, provision of psychosocial services is mainly aimed at adjustment of the older adults to the nursing home environment, and physical rehabilitation is still prioritized over psychosocial rehabilitation.